(Nepeta cataria)
Herbaceous Perennial
Zones 3-9
Nepeta cataria is more commonly known as catnip. This is a species from the genus Nepeta which is a part of the mint family. It is native to southern and eastern Europe. Catnip is a perennial herb. And is known for its stimulating effects on cats. This plant’s stem is a bit hairy and grows from 3-5 feet high. The oblong pointed leaves have scalloped edges and gray or whitish hairs on the lower side. The flowers are white with purple spots, and they grow in spikes from June to September.
Medicinal properties
Catnip may benefit humans by promoting relaxation, aiding sleep, and easing digestive issues like cramps and indigestion. It can help with stress relief and topical applications help skin irritation. Sometimes acting as a mild sedative and can help calm the nervous system, reduce restlessness, and improve sleep quality. This herb may help with intestinal cramps, indigestion, and bloating, and stimulate digestive enzymes. Topical applications like poultices used to relieve muscle pain and swelling. It helps induce sweating and bring down fevers and sometimes combined with other herbs for flu symptoms. Catnip is useful during cold and flu season. The relaxing properties may help alleviate tension headaches. Catnip has antibacterial properties that could help with infections, especially oral ones.
Cultivation, Harvesting and Storage
Plant in the spring after the last frost. This herb can grow in partial shades or full sun. Always space the plants at least 18 to 24 inches apart. Catnip does well in poor to average soil. Does not like overly soggy conditions, so allow soil to dry out between watering. If you want to encourage bushier plants, pinch off growing stems and flower buds. Catnip is pest resistant. However, aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies love this plant so keep your eyes out for them. Catnip being a member of the mint family means it can spread aggressively from its underground runners and when they self-seed. Catnip plants need good air circulation, or they will get powdery mildew. Harvest the catnip plant when it is in full bloom. This happens typically in mid-to-late summer, the essential oils are the most concentrated. Cut entire stems about 4 to 5 inches from the base. You can also harvest individual leaves throughout the season. Hang bundles of stems upside down in a cool, dark, well-ventilated area for a couple of weeks. You can also bake the catnip leaves on a tray at 150 degrees for at least 10 minutes. Always make sure to leave the oven ajar. Once they are dry, you can crumble the leaves. Then you can store them in an airtight container. Place them in a cool, dark place.
Precautions
While catnip may be safe for most adults, precautions include avoiding it during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential uterine stimulation. It is important to consult a doctor before using catnip, especially if you have any health conditions or take medications, and to use food-grade products to avoid additives. Always talk to a doctor or pharmacist before using herbal remedies.
